2 Samuel 23:9

Authorized King James Version

And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאַֽחֲרָ֛ו
And after
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#2
אֶלְעָזָ֥ר
him was Eleazar
elazar, the name of seven israelites
#3
בֶּן
the son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#4
דֹּד֖יֹ
of Dodo
dodo, the name of three israelites
#5
בֶּן
the son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#6
אֲחֹחִ֑י
the Ahohite
an achochite or descendant of achoach
#7
בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה
one of the three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#8
גִּבֹּרִ֜ים
mighty men
powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
#9
עִם
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#10
דָּוִ֗ד
with David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#11
בְּחָֽרְפָ֤ם
when they defied
to pull off, i.e., (by implication) to expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e., defame;
#12
בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים
the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#13
נֶֽאֶסְפוּ
that were there gathered together
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
#14
שָׁ֣ם
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#15
לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה
to battle
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
#16
וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ
were gone away
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#17
אִ֥ישׁ
and the men
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#18
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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